Behavioral Neuroscience studies that integrate behavioral and neuroscience techniques as commonly found in fields such as Behavioral Neuroscience, Psychoneuroimmunology, Health Psychology, Behavioral Endocrinology, Developmental Biopsychology, Psychopharmacology, and Neuropsychology. Studies employing brain-imaging techniques in normal and pathological human populations are encouraged, as are studies using non-traditional species (including invertebrates) and employing comparative analyses.In addition to behavior, it is expected that some aspect of nervous system function will be manipulated or observed, ranging across molecular, cellular, neuroanatomical, neuroendocrinological, neuropharmacological, and neurophysiological levels of analysis. Behavioral studies are welcome so long as their implications for our understanding of the nervous system are clearly described in the paper.This journal seek empirical papers reporting novel results that provide insight into the mechanisms by which nervous systems produce and are affected by behavior. Experimental subjects may include human and non-human animals and may address any phase of the lifespan, from early development to senescence.