Innovative Researches in Science and Engineering :: Special Issue

Lead Guest Editor

Samuel Wadzani Gadzama

Training Department, Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria

Guest Editors

Olatomiwa Lanre Joseph

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia
Nonyelu Helen Uzoamaka

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Nwabueze Afulike

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Nyah Okon Iniobong

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Ufomba Emmanuel Chinwendu

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Ogechukwu Sandra Onyia

Department of Chemical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria
Lilian Affiong Anso

Information and Computer Technology Department, Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Omotola Francis Olarenwaju

Engineering Department, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure, Abuja, Nigeria
Nneka Lilian Ejike-Ugwu

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Christiana Agu-Bruno

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Ogochukwu Stella Ugwueze

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Uchechi Roland Imoh

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Nwoye Paul

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Agbadua Afokhainu Segun

National Engineering Design and Development Institute, Nnewi, Nigeria
Marcellinus Ugwu Kenechukwu

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Maliki Damiel

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Amaka Ndidi Okorie

Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Jerome Ugwu Odo

Department of Metallurgy and Material Science and Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Asha Saturday

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Juliet Ezeonyebuchi

Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ogechukwu Ezeonwemelu Johnbusco

Technical Documentation Department, Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria
Okwuchukwu Innocent Ani

Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria
Uzo Henry

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria

Abstract: Most design calculations in multi-component distillation column are tedious and time consuming, thus the need for the Engineer to embrace the applications of computer for the design of multi-component distillation columns design. At the same time the need for accurate design in engineering cannot be over emphasize, meaning that the safety of lives ... Show More

Abstract: Palm kernel shell (PKS) which is a waste from oil palm tree was torrefied to improve its properties as a solid fuel. The study on Palm kernel shell torrefaction was performed under various temperature and time of 200ºC, 220ºC, 240ºC, 260ºC, 280ºC, 300ºC and 40, 80, 120 minutes respectively using a horizontal tubular type reactor made of stainless s... Show More

Abstract: The mechanism by which antiretroviral drugs can block the HIV virus seems weak and hence it becomes necessary to study the interaction between the HIV and the drug-coated white blood cells. The effect of the Van der Waals forces were studied to determine and understand the interaction processes in the interaction between antiretroviral drugs and the blood components in human. The method adopted involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) used in this study and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from HIV negative persons for the absorbance measurement using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The digital CD4 count machine (Cytoflowmeter) was equally used to obtain the CD4 counts of the blood samples used for this study. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula were derived from the absorbance data. The MATLAB algorithm software tools were employed in the mathematical analysis of the very large body of data generated from the experiments. The Hamaker constants A11, A22, A33 and the combined Hamaker coefficients A131 of the various drugs interacting with the blood were obtained using the values of the dielectric constant together with the Lifshiftz equation. The absolute combined Hamaker coefficient A13Iabs (a mean of all the values of the various Hamaker coefficients) for each antiretroviral drug on uninfected blood samples were also calculated. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficient, A131abs obtained for each of the five antiretroviral drugs interacting with uninfected blood samples are given thus: D1 = 0.36760×10-21Joule, D2 = 0.46337×10-21Joule, D3 = 0.53021×10-21Joule, D4 = 0.50971×10-21Joule, and D5 = 0.49599×10-21Joule. The significance of this result are the positive senses of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient which imply net positive van der Waals forces indicating an attraction between the antiretroviral drugs and the lymphocytes. This in effect suggests effective coating or binding of the lymphocytes with the drugs. An earlier study was conducted on the Role of Repulsive Van der Waals Interactions in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections with Antiretroviral Drugs. This study looks the other way round. Abstract: The mechanism by which antiretroviral drugs can block the HIV virus seems weak and hence it becomes necessary to study the interaction between the HIV and the drug-coated white blood cells. The effect of the Van der Waals forces were studied to determine and understand the interaction processes in the interaction between antiretroviral drugs and th... Show More