Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body for clinical purposes or medical science. As a discipline and in its widest sense, it is part of biological imaging and incorporates radiology which uses the imaging technologies of X-ray radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine functional imaging techniques as positron emission tomography, medical ultrasonography or ultrasound, endoscopy, elastography, tactile imaging, thermography and medical photography. As a field of scientific investigation, medical imaging constitutes a sub-discipline of biomedical engineering, medical physics or medicine depending on the context: Research and development in the area of instrumentation, image acquisition (e.g. radiography), modeling and quantification are usually the preserve of biomedical engineering, medical physics, and computer science; Research into the application and interpretation of medical images is usually the preserve of radiology and the medical sub-discipline relevant to medical condition or area of medical science (neuroscience, cardiology, psychiatry, psychology, etc.) under investigation. Many of the techniques developed for medical imaging also have scientific and industrial applications. This special issue is intended to invite submissions of original research papers that shed light on new technologies in medical imaging.